Rs (Rhipicephalus sanguineus)
Ir (Ixodes ricinus)

Treatment exposure modality:	Tarsal with choice
Efficacy type:	Repellency (%)
Stock solution:	20 mM in EtOH or MeOH
Compound quantity:	< 15 mg
Positive control:	Deet

In Brief:

The new Invenesis adult tick repellency test is designed to accurately measure (via machine vision) the repellent or deterrent effect of compounds or natural extracts on adult ticks.

The test involves using a rectangular glass plate as a reading arena, where a paper strip is placed and treated with 100 µL of the substance being tested. The strip separates two zones: a “deposit” and an “arrival” zone. Then, five flat adult Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks are placed in the “deposit” zone, and each tick’s movements are tracked by our automatic recording system for minimum duration of 5 min. We finely evaluate the ticks’ ability to pass through the treatment and
reach the “arrival” zone. Depending on the desired outcome, various parameters can be measured, such as repellency, deterrence, attractiveness, tick velocity, and the frequency of their movement in each zone.

Definitions:

To ensure flawless communication, the following definition section introduces the vocabulary used at INVENesis. You will find this vocabulary on our quotes, raw data files, processed data files, preliminary and final reports. Open the Lexicon below.

Lexicon

Assay Preparation:

Test plate: microplate in which an assay is run
Mother plate: microplate containing stock solutions
Stock solution: solution contained in mother plates out of which dilutions will be made
Daugher plate: microplate containing solutions used to treat test plates, usually dilution series

Type of Assays:

Organism-based assays : functional assay measuring a phenotypic response on a whole organism. Typically, motility, development, deterrency, repellency.
Electrophysiology assays: functional assay measuring the electrical respons of a receptor or an organ to a stimulus
Stock solution: solution contained in mother plates out of which dilutions will be made
Daugher plate: microplate containing solutions used to treat test plates, usually dilution series

Treatment exposure modalities:

Treatment modalities relate to the way the treatment is applied. Different treatment modalities help define how an active ingredient is most susceptible to act in a field case. Some compounds are more active when eaten, others are more active when applied externally on an organism. The following vocabulary is used in the list of assays:

Tarsal:

Tarsal: individuals are allowed to walk on surfaces treated with a formulated active ingredient.
Tarsal with choice: only a proportion of the surface accessible to individuals is treated.
Tarsal without choice: the whole surface accessible to individuals is treated so that individuals are unable to rest on untreated surfaces.

Topical:

Topical: direct application of a known amount of formulated active ingredient on a single individual

Oral:

Oral: voluntary feeding on medium treated with a formulated active ingredient.
Oral with choice: both a treated and an untreated medium are provided.
Oral without choice: only one treated medium is provided.

Immersion:

Immersion: individuals are immersed in a treated formulation.
Permanent Immersion: individuals are immersed for the whole duration of the assay.
Temporary Immersion: the treatment is removed after temporary immersion of individuals.